There is  Ampere's law, however what its nature – it is not known.  

Ampere's law

Unified Theory of Nature discovers the mechanism of deep appearances and processes which lead to this law.

Whence  Ampere's law arises. The following streams from the Unified Тheory. The motion of electrons (of microvortexes), i.e. the electric current (Progress of microvortexes see), will be because of the viscous friction with maternal ether - the return Gravitation (Essence of Gravitation, consequence 3 see) to provoke the fluxion of maternal ether insame direction along the conductor*. 

In turn the ether flow will resist to the motion along the conductor at cause of the friction of this ether about fixed (though the fluctuating in thermal motion) elements of the crystal lattice. According to the Unified Theory each microvortex (the electron) has own interior transit flow of ether (Own magnetic field of an electron see), then these microvortexes are built by the own transit flow in same direction, as the gravitating (because of travel of microvortexes – electrons along the conductor **)  ether (see above about the return gravitation). As result all travelled microvortexes (electrons) are polarised (fig. 12).  

As a microvortex (an electron) has two gyrations: the longitudinal and the cross of a microvortex torus (the spin and the charge of an electron see) then the jets of ether of each polarised microvortex will make the polarising influence on the next maternal ether also, namely across the plane of the vortex and along the vortex plane.

The motion of maternal ether outside and in of the microvortexes is integrated in one general motion in the conductor, which because of the viscosity of ether starts in same motion the maternel ether outside of the conductor (the magnetic field about the conductor).

Fig. 24. Physical essence of "Ampere's law". а – the polarisation of the microvortexes ("the electrons"); b - the occurrence of the circumferential flow of ether ("the magnetic field"); 1 – an   electron; 2 – a conductor; 3 – the gyration of the flow of ether in a conductor; 4 – the circumferential flow ether ("the magnetic field"). 

Interaction (friction) in next cross-sections (fig. 24 a) of trickles of maternal ether, flowing in the conductor and rotating cross the conductor, leads to following. It is appeared the general gyration of their family round the general centre (the close to the conductor axis) in the direction same name with the motion direction in the microvortexes - electrons (fig. 24 b). Accordingly the family of the microvortexes about same centre will be (see **) move (to rotate) in opposite direction slowly (because of the  friction reaction about elements of crystal lattice of the conductor)***.     

Ampere's law is observed not always.  From depending on requirements the direction of motion of ether about the conductor (magnetic field direction see) will prevail in the longitudinal direction of jets of ether in the microvortex (i.e. across the conductor – "Ampere's law") or in the cross direction of ether in the microvortex (along the conductor, i.e. not on "Ampere's law").  

So at the isolated conductor (a reel coil) the longitudinal - the spin gyration in the microvortex (Spiral vortex and Spin see), i.e. across the conductor ("Ampere's law") will prevail. At  the wind of the usual single-layer reel or the unidirectional wind of the multilayered reel the orientation of the polarised microvortexes (the electrons) does not change. Here the perfect analogy of cross adjunction of the two coils to the cross adjunction of two magnets (Fig. 13 see). Accordingly "Ampere's law" will be observed here again and the resulting from it the direction of the magnetic field of the reel.

At reduction of diameter of the single-layer reel (or its flattening) the fluxion of maternal ether round conductor leads to following. These fluxions from two opposite sides of a coil in the reel start to flow in skewcollide [23] condition and in process of reduction of diameter of the reel in all less steady. As result in the reel the ether flow retards  own lengitudinal (concerning the reel axis) motion.  

In the indicated requirements it is started to be retarded the longitudinal - the spin motion of ether in the microvortex, that bound by viscosity with the maternal ether. This automatically leads to the acceleration in the microvortex of the cross - the charge gyration of jets (i.e. the impulse is maintenanced). The cross propumping in the microvortex of maternal ether is amplified. Accordingly, instead of the longitudinal fluxion of ether there is the cross rotary movement of ether inside and outside of the solenoid. At a small enough diameter of indicated reel and the dense wind (a coil to a coil) this cross motion will be almost perpendicular to reel axes (i.e. cing to the polarisation of microvortexes in the reel coils, see above). This motion unlike on the longitudinal (existing on "Ampere's law") will be steady, as the gyration of ether  into the solenoid, and outside guided to one direction. Thus, "Ampere's law" is not observed in these conditions (see Experience No. 1 and No. 2).

Introduction of a core (from the magnetically-soft material) in the solenoid (the reel) magnetises the core (body magnetization see) and converses the ethereous pump into the usual solenoid from spinal to chargeal ("The spin and the charge of an electron" see above). As the core magnetisation leads to that all electrons are polarised across the longitudinal  flow of  ether in the solenoid, then the magnetic field in the solenoid with the core is the field not of the reel, but the magnet ("The spin and the charge of an electron" see above). And as in a magnet the pumping  goes by the electronic charge (What is the magnetic field? see ) and in a solenoid (see above) by the spin, then in an usual reel with a core there is the much bigger pressure of ether – "intensity of magnetic field".

 *For phenomenon generality we will view the case of a conductor with high voltage (high pressure of microvortexes – electrons), when the wire cross section is filled by microvortexes (electrons) practically all.

** At the known slow motion of electrons in a conductor (≈ 1 mm/c [1]) the viscous (the gravitational) action of the resisting maternel ether on a microvortex ("electron") is rather considerably. It streams from that "an electron" (the microvortex), having  size of 3∙10^-15 m, and thickness of a jet of the microvortex considerably smaller, should at the travel of the electron with v ≈ 1 mm/c make more than 10^-3 m : 10^-15 m ≈ 10¹²  turns in a second in the cross gyration (The cross gyration in a microvortex see), but in the longitudinal many more (The cross motion will be not such active, as the longitudinal see).

*** At low voltage (see *) the maternal ether will rotate in opposite direction into a stratum of electrons in the conductor.

Essence of a Black Hole. All the mysterious is coated by a gloom – blackness. Even that  is  the clearly in day, it  became the  mysterious  in black night. And as a secret attracts always, then people  often use the black for their  mystery. The black suit  hides the body outlines – does the person  more mysterious. In the fine arts, for the same causes – K.Malevich's  Black Quadrate. Stop and think and if you want, sit down and try to feel the blackness.  In cybernetics – the black box. In astrophysics –  a  black substance, a black hole. What the mystery! It is possible to use the mystery of the black very long and to be happy.  And what for the outstanding persons to make the significant efforts for the luminescence to mankind if  these efforts are always painful!?  To give a little more light in this blackness, I will uncover one of these secrets – the secret of a Black Hole  Now it is considered that the cause of existence of a Black Hole − Gravitation. However it not absolutely so.

From the Unified Theory about essence of light wave (How  arise an electromagnetic wave see) and that in the central part of a macrovortex - galaxy (Space vortex changes and  Pressure growth in a galaxy see) ether flows are densely reeled against each other, follows, first, that the free ether (filtrating through the macrovortex kern) absence. Secondly, there are not requirements for formation of light wave ("How  arise an electromagnetic wave" see above). The central part of the  macrovortex does not radiate. At absence of particles, of bodies in the exterior field next to the central part of a macrovortex (flowing ether are reeled see) this macrovortex is without light – the Black Hole. However as the filtration through the kern is not present, then Gravitation is not present in a Black Hole (Essence of Gravitation see) and accordingly the light absorption not occurs. 

At the same time, as it is the vortex (though the old, as round it already all bodies are immersed), it has both the longitudinal and the traversal gyration as any the tоrus vortex of ether (Formation of galaxies and stars see). Then such two vortexes can approach in Space (Charges are pushed away and attracted see) and come to the mutual oscillations (Double star see) or merge in one greatest vortex (Conditions of coexistence of galaxies see ).

From the featured follows that the existing representation of the viev of a Black Hole as a hole in visible medium, which has sharply contoured boundaries, due to the radius of K. Schwarzschild, is the wrong. Black Hole in the next to it continuously macrofield continuously transfers in the next Material Space of Universe. By that the specified smoothness is broken in mesofields of this macrofield for the account of fluxions of ether to the next mesovortexes - to stars or aggregations of stars. 

Of the found by me on the Internet more, than 500 images of Black Hole, to the featured here in a certain degree correspond only one image 871 X 396 - V-cosmos.com which I put here. 

 Cross-section of a Black Hole

The stated for a macrovortex is similarly ("Formation of galaxies and stars" see above) for an ether mesovortex – star.

How a quasar is organized. Before the formation phase of a Black Hole, i.e. at the presence in the field (next to the central part of the squeezed macrovortex) of particles and  bodies, this compact (globe) field radiates very intensively ("How  arise an electromagnetic wave"  see above) since whole galaxy is squeezed here. It is a quasar – a predecessor of a black hole.

The gravitational vortex round a rotating body in Universe. In the up-to-date science it is considered that round a rotating body there is a gravitational vortex – the additive vortex, so called, "gravitational field". It is considered, that the field carries away behind itself all bodies which are in a neighbourhood of a Black Hole. It is considered also that the termed gravitational vortex can be started, if to place near to a rotating body the gyro. The gyro will be slowly turned.

Here the explanation of one essence (a Black Hole) is done through the unknown for the up-to-date science the second essence – "Gravitation". The essence of a Black Hole on the Unified Тheory without contradictions is featured above. The experiment with the gyro confirms not the presence of a virtual «gravitational vortex», but the essence of Inertia (featured in Inertia is displayed through the elasticity of ether) namely – presence of the elastic deformations of jets of the ether, flowing to rotating bodies, which (jets) in addition change themselves at the rapprochement of these bodies. 

One of the most important aims of modern physics is the description of strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions in a unified way. Attempts to create Grand Unified Theories for this purpose have always been unsuccessful. Let's try to solve this problem on the basis of the Unified Theory of Nature.

Gravitational forces. Gravity is the filtration of the maternel ether through the body (What is Gravity see) – the transit begins and continues almost from the freest (not inside particles, bodies) flow of ether, which practically does not converge and is not yet very dense (The universe is closed  see). The filtration (gravitational) pressure of the ether in this case, proceeding from the essence of Gravity, will be significant only for large sizes of bodies Ng ~ m_{1 •} m₂ (The essence of gravitational mass see). The above is the essence of the so-called "weak gravitational forces".

Electromagnetic forces. When ether is filtered through a particle – an electron (transit) to a vortex – a proton or a cluster of vortices – the nucleus of an atom (Structure of the atomic nucleus see), the ether is already somewhat compacted due to the convergence of its flow to the proton (Fig. 18 see). However, due to the large distance between a very small microvortex – an electron and a proton, this compaction is still not very noticeable. Therefore, the filtration – gravitational ("What is Gravity" and  Formation of protons and electrons see) pressure on an electron relative to a proton is already more significant than on the same electron, but without flow convergence (see above about weak forces). It is already quite difficult to separate an electron from a proton. This is the essence of the so-called "electromagnetic forces"*.

Strong nuclear force. When a vortex is formed from the maternal ether (Formation of galaxies and stars and "Formation of protons and electrons" see), the density of the ether increases, forming a jet that buds off from the general flow of free ether. When the ether moves in this jet, the density of the ether in it sharply increases due to the self-wedging of the jet (Explosions of galaxies and stars see ). A very dense microvortex is formed from this jet (Neutron star - how did it originate see). This microvortex has a very large stock of stability – Inertia (The 1st law of the existence of the Universe  and Essence of Inertia see). Therefore, it is very difficult to break it. This is the essence of the so-called “strong nuclear force” ("Structure of the atomic nucleus" see also).

Weak nuclear force. After the formation of microvortices: protons, electrons and neutrons ("Neutron star - how did it originate" see) during the explosion of a neutron star, the next phase of its life begins. In this phase, under the influence of Gravity, clusters of protons with neutrons are formed – the nuclei of future atoms. More massive clusters – nuclei consist of a large number of protons and neutrons. This indicates that such clusters have a large Inertia. In accordance with the well-known stability criteria, they will have a smaller stability stock – strength, compared to lighter nuclei. Such nuclei will be characterized by neutral stability and even spontaneously lose stability. This is the reason for the existence of the so-called "weak nuclear forces" that hold the components of such nuclei together.

It can be seen from the above that all the so-called "fundamental forces" are due to the movement of the maternal and vortex ether and have a single basis – Gravity and Inertia.

Here at last the modern physics puzzles are solved. Fundamental forses united! What clear head this Unified Theory!

* A. Einstein was also convinced of the unified Nature of gravitational and electromagnetic forces. So in January 1929, a few days before the publication of his article «Toward a Unified Field Theory» in the Proceedings of the Prussian Academy of Sciences, he gave an interview to the London newspaper Daily Chronicle, in which he said: «Now and only now we know that the forces that move electrons in ellipses around the nuclei in atoms – the same as the forces that move the Earth in its yearly path around the Sun»

It is considered, that light puts pressure upon surfaces of subjects. Attempts of working out of flying machines for flight in Space under the influence of pressure of a sunlight therefore become. Thus there is a necessity of major expenditures on working out and designing of a solar sail. But may it be all for nothing?

  Dreams of a solar sail

Paradoxes of pressure of light. The phenomenon of the light pressure, known in modern physics, is inconsistent. So there are following paradoxes:

1) How can light to press on surface, if it is the harmonious oscillations of 2 directions, instead of a single half-period wave?

2) How can light to press, if the light oscillations on O.Frenel are the cross concerning the direction of the light propagation, so they are the longitudinal concerning the surface on which there is the pressure? *

J. Maxwell gives formula of pressure of the electromagnetic waves in "Treatise" without any deduction [26].     

Therefore physicists are forced to add to one "essence" of light (the undular) the second "essence" – the photon, in which the flux of light particles – the quantums strike the unilateral blows on a surface. However the presence of two substances at one object contradicts to bottoms of science. Hence the essence of light in the up-to-date physics is not erected until now.

The known indirect proofs of existence of the light pressure are not convincing also. It is P.N.Lebedev's experience [38]. The  resonators have been used in the proofs.  It is revealed the two-digit influence of waves on the resonator – both: the pushing away of the resonator from a wave, and the attraction (fig. 25, 26).

Fig. 25. Plan of the experience of P.N.Lebedev on detection of pressure of the electromagnetic waves.

B – the vibrator, Г – the generator, Р – the resonator.

 Fig. 26. Plan of the experience of P.N.Lebedev on detection of pressure of waves in fluid

on the solid surface.

B – the actuator of waves, Р – the resonator, Д – the drive, A – the lever gear.

Explanations are not present to it. There is no explanation to the anomaly – the disappearance of an attraction  of the acustic resonator at its removal from the radiant of the oscillations. However this anomaly undertakes as the bottom and is transferred on the electromagnetic oscillations with the referring to the unfounded statement of J. Маxwell.

Besides P.N. Lebedev created the very complicated devices for the proof of existence of light pressure. Therefore these  devicaes respond at a set of by-effects.  It means – the experiments were not pure. 

According to the essence of the electromagnetic waves the pressure of light can not arise**.  Accordingly the flight in Space it is physically impracticable on the basis of the existing concept of pressure of light. Flights between the proximate planets and outside of Solar system are possible further only at mastering by secrets of Gravitation. These secrets are uncovered in Unified Theory of Nature (Essence of Gravitation see and other). The bottoms of engineering possibilities of guidance of Gravity and flights in Space will be featured further (Antigravitational kettles see) . 

* The cross (superficial) oscillations of  fluid  can render the side pressure on the  hindrance on trajectory of the distribution of these transverse waves (for example, on a sea mooring).  But this side pressure is caused by the versatile motion of particles of the fluid – molecules (atoms) that not present in the light wave (according to the up-to-date representations about the light wave). This featured the side pressure is not necessary to immix with one more the pressure of the superficial waves. So at the inhibiting of the lower part of a sinusoidal superficial water wave (for example, on a shoal of water area) the undular motion is transmuted  into the mass motion. It is appears the flow in the upper part of the upseting wave. The flow acts essentially differently, than the undular fluctuation of water  level at the mooring wall.  

** As to the tail of a comet ([38] see above) it can provoked  not the pressure of sunlight, but the convective flow of gas from the warmed field of a comet in the cold. Furthermore, as the comet tail has the shape not the direct, but the incurvated in form of the peacock tail. This  confirms  Unified Theory of Nature, as indicates to the  motion of the arched jets of the solar mesovortex of ether about a comet and through it (Formation of stars see).

The nature of quantum numbers in V.Pauli's principle is unknown till now. Each published claiming for true Theory of All holds back it also.

V.Pauli's principle. In quantum mechanics V.Pauli's principle is used: two electrons in same atom should differ, at least, with one quantum number.

Unified Тheory of Nature discovers deep physical essence of principle of V.Pauly.

On the Unified Тheory the main quantum number «п» will be necessary various at two electrons (microvortexes) of an atom under other identical requirements, because of two electrons cannot be identical (Space and World see), so at  because of their different Gravity and Inertia (Essence of Gravitation and Essence of Inertia see) size of orbits at them will be not identical.

The second from 2 next orbits (ether jets), which less than the first (having the greater number of«п») at coincidence of planes of these two orbits (the jets) interreacts with the first (the greater orbit). Then the second jet is turned from the first at expense of the cross gyration of the jets. Their planes are intercrossed. That gives the difference in magnetic quantum number «m».

And further, at the electron motion on second orbit (the lowest) there is interaction of these two jets of ether again in its two points, closest to first orbit (where they are close to cross). That repels the second jet in these points from the first. As result the shape of first orbit (shape of the vortex with an electron) is extended in ellipse a little. The shape of the second orbit is became squeezed in one direction. Figure "eight", i.e. unstable form (oscillatory in the plane of this orbit, fig. 27) is formed.

Because of the elasticity of jets of ether (i.e. of this orbit) the orbit transfers in stable form, being aimed to a circle at expense of decrease of the pressure in 2 indicated places of two orbits, being extruded by this pressure in the orthogonal to plane of 1st orbit direction. In other words, the vortex (the 2nd orbit) is displaced in itself plane, becoming the asymmetrical concerning the centre of rotation (the atom kern). Then because of the remaining interaction of the closest part of the second orbit about the first this part of the second orbit is distorted elastically from the circular in the more abrupt – this part is became almost-elliptical. Accordingly its most removal (from the first orbit) part is aimed to circular because of the elasticity of ether. Thus, the second orbit has the shape not elliptical as that consider in A.Zommerfeld's model, but the more complicated (fig. 28). The first orbit will be accordingly extended a little in the places indicated above, that approaches it to the slightly-elliptical (instead of the circular, as in A.Zommerfeld's model).

From the given it is visible that the second electron has the quantum number l, necessary distinct from the first.

At the occurrence in this atom the one more electron its orbit (the jet of bearing ether) will take form also squeezed on one side. But this third orbit (the bearing ethereous vortex) will turn  the second, having changed the magnetic quantum number «m» at the second and will gain itself magnetic quantum number, еssentially distinct from the second electron.

  Fig.  27. The unsteady form of the orbit – "the eight": 1- the first orbit (the cross section); 2 – the second orbit; 3 – the oscillations of the 2nd orbit; 4 – the atom kern; 5 – the electron in the first orbit; 6 – the electron in the second orbit.

 Fig.  28. Deformations of the next orbits of the electrons. а – two projections of the orbits (the lateral view in the slit and the plan);  δ -  the comparative shape of the next orbits; 1 – the first оrbit; 2 – the second orbit; 3 – the atom kern; 4, 5 – the electrons

By that the position of the plane of the vortex, bearing the third electron(the third orbit), will be  caused by its interaction with the second vortex also, and with the first, disposing the plane of the third vortex, bearing the electron (the third orbit) approximately in the middle of the corner between the planes of the first orbit and the second orbit.

Own longitudinel gyration (longitudinal motion see) of the microvortex (the electron) at its motion in the bearing vortex (the electron orbit) can have the two directions. These directions in the next orbits certainly the various. It is caused by that in the places of the approach of the electrons (the microvortexes) to each other (in the places of the reprochement of the trajectories) the ether microvortexes interreact so, that the fluxion direction in the microvortexes coincides in the point of their contact.  This is possible at the opposite directions of the gyration of the microvortexes only (at the various spin quantum numbers S) *. Otherwise there is the collision of the jets of the microvortexes and hence the turn of the planes of the microvortexes (i.e. the motion for differentiating of the spins of the electrons to the opposite sign) or even "the unreeling" them (or one of them) i.e. the annihilation of the electron with the occurrence of the wave pressure ("the photon", mutual contact of microvortexes, the wave of pressure and annihilation of the microvortexes see).

Thus, the physical nature of quantum numbers is discovered. She will allow to simplify essentially  Quantum Mechanics, on which there are many censures for its mystical character.

* Look the analogy to a chemical bond. It is enough «the eight» (How ever is formed a chemical bond see) to bend  half-and-half so that its two circles have laid down against each other.

Origin of galaxies. «Largest problem of the up-to-date astronomy consists in the understanding, why there are these various types of galaxies and what their origin. It is not known anything almost about the origin of galaxies» (F.Hoyle) [10, p. 13].

The Unified Theory reveals a secret of an origin and existence of all types of galaxies (see Galaxies - how they have originated?, Space vortex changes). A galaxy are organised by transmutation of  space maternal ether into the vortex at its fluxion in Universe field where the density of a maternal ether is less. Then it exists, accumulating the vortex ether and varying to an explosion phase. The discovered origin and essence of life of galaxies allows to create their harmonous classification. 

The classification of the types of galaxies. The up-to-date cosmology uses the classification of the types on E.Habbl [10]. The elliptical: Е0, Е1, Е2... Е7 and the spiral: Sа, Sв, Sс.

The classical plan of the formation of galaxies is featured by I.King [18, p. 247] and represents the following. It is considered that the substance was transmuted into stars almost instantaneously that has yielded galaxies  the spherical shape almost. Other future of galaxies were as the gas rather long.  Therefore their kinetic energy has substantially dissipated in the form of the radiation, but the angular momentum was maintained. The disks were formed as the result.

The given classical plan has the variety of the obvious defects. Therefore recently the newer plan has been offered, the  essence of which in the following. The basic initial process in it – the formation of the disks. Then the many disks are joined to the sphere shape. Their joining was favoured by the high density of the galaxies in their early period. A.Toomre (1977) [18, p. 238 see above] considers that as result of the collisions the galaxies this process their joining exists and now. It is considered that it is confirmed that [18, p. 248 see above] «the share of the elliptic galaxies in the aggregations much more above, than where their density is less».

This new plan suffers rather serious deficiencies also. So, there are no substantiations why in the beginning of formation of a galaxy it should gain the disk shape, instead of the orb.

Why the disk galaxies waited, while they become the disk galaxies, and only then began be attracted mutually? After all they were attracted mutually from the very beginning their formations through that gas which they to themselves attracted. Therefore they should merge from the very beginning. 

Why they should be attracted more actively at high density of galaxies in their early continuance? After all they had much smaller mass in this early continuance at major density of a relative positioning of galaxies accordingly, so were attracted more feeblly.

As to a share of elliptic galaxies in their aggregations(it is used for acknowledgement of the plan of A.Toomre) this fact speaks much easier (see In aggregations of galaxies – elliptic galaxies...) and is inscribed in Unified Theory of Nature harmonic, instead of hangs alone about A.Toomre's plan.

The basic deficiency is that the build-up of the plan of formation of galaxies was carried out on the basis of an unknown essence of gravitation.

From Unified Тheory also follows ("Galaxies - how they have originated?", "Space vortex changes" see above) that the galaxies have the harmonious consecutive series of the shapes, beginning from the flat spiral with the more and more growing kern and with the squeezed flat part to the extended ellipsoids, through the ellipsoidal with the lesser difference of the axes to the globe. 

It has thus appeared that Gravity is not  the bottom of formation of galaxies.

If to change the known classification so that shapes of galaxies will be arranged upside-down then galaxies will lose all inconsistencies and secrets of their origin and existence. This order correspond to the sequence of shaping and existence of galaxies discovered by Unified Theory completely. 

The irregular galaxies. In the up-to-date science the galaxies, which not the spiral, not the elliptic and not the globe, term as the irregular and consider as their first phase of formation of a galaxy.

Under Unified Theory of Nature the irregular galaxies are the galaxies, which are in the state after explosion of the old globe (see The gear of occurrence of explosions). It can be the phase of flying away of fragments of the blown up galaxy or the beginning of formation of a new galaxy (new galaxies) from the blown up, but already of the scattered old galaxy.

Why galaxies rotate. The causes of gyration of galaxies are not erected till now. Unified Theory of Nature uncovers this riddle (Formation of galaxies  and Space vortex changes  see). The original cause of their gyration is fundamental property of Universe (Space and World see) – the dissimilarity of the material Space in its various places. This dissimilarity inevitably leads to violation of the spherical symmetry of fluxion of ether to the field with the depressed meaning of its density. The effect is the transmutation of the radial directional fluxion into the tangential to this central region. The last is the basic attribute of any gyration.

Where spiral galaxies rotate.   The ones astronomers consider galaxies rotate by the extremities of branches forward, the others on the contrary. And only about one galaxy NGC 7331 the  answer is unequivocal – the extremities back.

The Unified Theory discovers that the spiral galaxies do not rotate in any way.  Galaxies flow by ether streams  from the outside extremities of  branches to kern ("Formation of galaxies" see above).  A kern only rotates in the indicated direction.

Why galaxies rotate slowly. The causes of slower gyration of the wrong, the elliptic and the globe galaxies are not known. Unified Theory of Nature uncovers this secret.

Elliptic galaxies are the subsequent (to the spiral galaxies) phases of smoothing of density of ether in the presence of the actively reeled jets in the macrovolumes of Universe (Kinds of galaxies see). Then it is obvious that the velocity of flow of ether in the former less dense macrovolume (and now in the present elliptic galaxy) decreases because of smoothing of densities of these macrovolumes. The virtual  ("Where spiral galaxies rotate"  see above) velocity of gyration of a galaxy accordingly decreases also in the process of transiting of the phases of her life from the spiral to the globe.

The wrong galaxy, as appears from Unified Theory of Nature (The gear of occurrence of explosions: Consequence see), is the subsequent (to a globe galaxy)  phase of modification of a galaxy. It is the phase of explosion of the slowly rotating galaxy. Therefore it and is the wrong, therefore it and rotates slowly.

Whence  occurs  the differential circumrotatory speed of the various parts of a spiral galaxy? Observations show the spiral sleeves of galaxies rotate as a unit with a constant angular velocity. By that the various parts of the galaxy rotate with the different velocity – the galaxy interior rotates as a rigid body, but behind its limits the gyration angular velocity decreases in process of approach   to the  edge of a galaxy. The scientific explanation is no to the specified singularities of movements in a spiral galaxy.

A.King [18, p. 107] about it exclaims: «… how the differential circumrotatory generally supposes the existence of the spiral sleeves?! The hard curling should be of the sleeves for one galactic turnover».

From  Unified Theory of  Nature ("Formation of galaxies" and  "Space vortex changes"  see above) follows this fact does not contain inconsistencies, as the observable process  –  is not the circumrotatory of the parts of a galaxy, but the fluxion  of ether to organised of it the kern of a galaxy. The velocity of this fluxion progressively  is increased (The velocity grows to the central region see) as approaching  to the central part.

The major "mass" is at Galaxy centre. It is considered at the centre of our Galaxy there is a major concentration of mass. However why there was the accumulation of mass and what the mechanism of this accumulation, it is not known.

Under Unified Theory of Nature at the centre of spiral galaxies there is "winding" of jets of ether, flowing in field of the centre of the galaxy. By that together with ether all particles and the bodies, (the particles and the bodies are pierced by ether see) which are in the field of fluxion of this ether move. The «winding» leads to the ether squeezing in the central region of a galaxy (The internal  pressure is increased see) and to its accumulation. Since the gravitational mass is the amount of the accumulated vortex ether, the gravitational mass of the galactic nucleus can be determined by expressing it in terms of the unit elementary mass (What is the gravitational mass? see) .

The shape of galaxies and their "massiveness". The up-to-date data of observations specifies the brightest and the most "massive" galaxies fall into to the types, close to the type Е О ([10] see). The causes of it have no the convincing explanations.

The brightness growth of galaxies streams from erected by the Unified Theory the increase of pressure in a kern of a galaxy ("The internal pressure is increased" see above)  in process of magnification of its age (The flat spiral, the ellipsoidal and the globe shapes of galaxies see). In process of transiting of phases of ageing of a galaxy the ether kern of the galaxy increases.  Respectively Inertia of the kern is growing (The essence of Inertia, consequence 2 see). Therefore there is the more and more intensive destruction of the smaller vortexes on the kern of the galaxy. This just is displayed in more and more  bright its luminescence.

Also under Unified Theory of Nature the least "massive" galaxies – the spiral, the most "massive" – the globe (Kinds of galaxies see). Accordingly a galaxy should transit still the long-term continuance of life for transmutation of the less "massive" spiral galaxy in the large "massive" globe (Classification of the types of galaxies see).

Interestingly, how is the Big Bang Theory consistent with the reliably known distribution of galaxies in the Universe?
It is known that in clusters of galaxies there are most often elongated elliptical galaxies and, most often, these galaxies are giant. At the same time, spherical galaxies live outside clusters, but these galaxies are most often dwarf ones. This complex and mysterious distribution of galaxies remains a mystery to the Big Bang Theory. And what will the Unified Theory say to this?

From the Unified Theory follows that at smoothing of dissimilarities  (Space and World see) of densities of ether in Universe this motion begins from the radially converging rectilinear motion (Formation of galaxies and stars see). Accordingly, where great volumes of ether have come to motion in Space there this motion will be by the close to the rectilinear long-term (because of major sizes of these volumes).

Further the specified straightforwardness of motion will lead to the subsequent  loss of its stability (1st law of existence of Universe  see). Then the former converging in one field the motion of the great volume of ether will transfer in the subsequent phase. It at its common convergence will break up, due to the uneven density of the ether across the movement, to a small number of separate movements of the smaller ether volumes travelling in the same concentric direction. A small number of these movements of ether (so, on former, the great volumes of ether) is due to the following. At once at the beginning of division of a stream on a small amount of parts each of these separate movements with the necessity ("Formation of galaxies and stars" see above) starts to be transmuted into the vortex steady motion, which stops the further crushing of a stream of ether.

In the former great volume which because of converging fluxion of ether became more compact, the close arranged macrovortexes – galaxies have started to be shaped. Thus the shaping of galaxies in fields of their subsequent aggregations, has begun later, than there where the individual galaxies were organised. The late galaxies, as appears from the Unified Theory, are young – the close  to the flat galaxies, the old – the globe  (Formation of kinds of galaxies  see). These flat galaxies – the large because of specified above great volumes of ether. There are no secrets for the Unified Theory, but for the The Big Bang Theory they remain!

Among galaxies, one of the most interesting species is the globe galaxies. These galaxies have variety of the unsolved secrets.  Сonsider these secrets.

Globe galaxies with the greatest luminosity. It is known that the large globe galaxies do not exceed the certain limit of mass and of luminosity, but the causes of it are not erected [10, pages 11,17].

Under the Unified Theorya globe galaxy – the oldest (Formation of kinds of galaxies see). It cannot have greater mass, since it further blows up. It also cannot be smaller, since it is still young and has not gathered of ether for turning into the globe shape.

In a globe galaxy there is not enough gas. It is known that in galaxies of type ЕО there is the small contents of gas. Existing explanations to this observation are the unpersuasive.

Unified Theory of Nature discovers ("Formation of kinds of galaxies" see) that the small linkings – particles, gas can exist only outside of the kern of macrovortex – galaxy, but in a globe galaxy all peripheral part of a macrovortex was transmuted into a macrovortex kern in which there can not be particles, bodies.

Globe galaxy have a small number of new stars. The mysterious fact is known – in galaxies ЕО arises a small number of new stars and that "population" in them are the old enough [18, page  248]. 

Under Unified Theory of Nature the globe galaxies correspond to the phase of the fading of moving of ether to a galaxy kern ("Formation of kinds of galaxies" see above). Ether inflow to the kern of such galaxy decreases. This decreases formation of ethereous mesovortexes – new stars  in the galaxy.

Globe galaxies – places of the improbably powerful activity. It is considered that galaxies ЕО – the places of the improbably powerful activity since throwings out of substance from the centre of a globe galaxy are observed through telescopes, and also it is revealed, that the exactly powerful sourses of a hard radiation  are in globe galaxies [10, page 47].

The following is erected in Unified Theory of Nature ("Formation of kinds of galaxies" see above). Pressure is collected in a galaxy in the process of her life. This pressure increases  the activity of processes in a globe galaxy and leads to the origin of quasars (A quasar – a predecessor of a black hole see). Besides, the pressure can lead to the one-sided throwings out of content from a central zone outside at the expense of the slightest dissimilarity (World is dissimilar see) of the zone of the reeled jets of ether.